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Aksel Erbahar, Laura Puccio
Journal of World Trade
Volume 50, Issue 3 (2016) pp. 391 – 416
https://doi.org/10.54648/trad2016018
Abstract
This paper deals with one of the controversial trade issues on the agenda for negotiations in the WTO since the Uruguay Round. Anti-circumvention rules (AC) allow the application of trade remedies to products that would fall outside the scope of the trade remedy regulation. The rationale is that some practices allow circumvention of the extra duties and so lessen the effective application of remedies. In this article, we argue that, in order to avoid protectionist abuses, these AC rules should only extend trade measures to those goods that both effectively circumvent and undermine those remedies, meaning the tests included in AC investigations must lead to the proportional application of AC measures. More specifically, we use a law and economics approach to analyse the proportionality of AC rules in the context of the largest AC user, the EU, who, according to our estimations, have extended its existing anti-dumping coverage by an additional annual import value of USD 2 billion via new AC measures imposed in 1995–2013.
Extract
Abstract: This article investigates the legal dimension of smart contracts. In particular, it reviews their existing definitions in some of the main laws enacted and scholarly articles published to date, proposes its own version, to then move on to consider to what extent new legal categories are warranted to deal with this apparently totally new way of making legally binding agreements. It concludes by providing some final remarks with regard to relevant legal categories and attempts to advance a number of solutions to the legal questions raised by the application of smart contracts.
Résume: Le présent article étudie la dimension juridique de contrats intelligents. En particulier, il passe en revue leurs définitions qui se trouvent dans certaines des lois essentielles promulguées et dans des articles académiques publiés jusqu’à présent, il propose sa version propre, et considère ensuite dans quelle mesure de nouvelles catégories juridiques sont justifiées pour traiter cette manière apparemment tout à fait nouvelle de passer des accords juridiquement obligatoires. Il conclut par quelques remarques finales concernant des catégories juridiques importantes et tente d’apporter certaines solutions aux questions juridiques soulevées par l’application de contrats intelligents.
European Review of Private Law