ISDS mechanisms play a
crucial role in international trade agreements by offering a framework to
settle conflicts among investors from abroad and host states and safeguarding
investors’ rights. This study focuses on examining the influence of various
variables, namely Transparency, legal remedies provision, appointing authority,
investor nationality, and economic types, on the outcomes of Investor-State
Dispute Settlement (ISDS) cases. The research adopts a quantitative research
design, employing online surveys to gather data from 480 individuals who possess
expertise and experience in ISDS mechanisms. The collected data is subjected to
statistical analysis using SPSS to explore the relationships between the
outcomes of ISDS cases and the aforementioned independent variables. The
positive results derived from the analysis confirm that each of the examined
variables significantly impacts the outcomes of ISDS cases. These findings
emphasize the importance of prioritizing transparency, legal remedies,
appointing authority, investor nationality, and economic factors in the
development and improvement of ISDS mechanisms. Creating an equitable and
effective ISDS system is essential to protect investor rights, foster
international investment, and ensure a fair and predictable investment
environment.