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<title>KluwerLawOnline.com - Global Trade and Customs Journal</title>
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<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Editorial: In Memory of Dr Frieder Roessler </title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025031</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>The Principles of the WTO Dispute Settlement System: Comment on Frieder Roessler’s ‘The Cobra Effects of the WTO Panel Selection Procedures</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025032</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><i>In his paper, ‘The
Cobra Effects of the WTO Panel Selection Procedures’, Dr Frieder Roessler
identified three aspects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute
settlement system that needed reform: the obligation to enter into
consultations before requesting the establishment of a panel; the use of ad hoc
panels; and the lack of transparency of hearings and submissions. He considered
that these three issues were remnants of the diplomatic-based General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) dispute settlement process, which were no longer
appropriate in the newly judicialized WTO dispute settlement system. He also
found that some of these procedures created perverse incentives for the
respondent to cause delays. Twenty years later, Dr Roessler’s observations
remain highly relevant: the WTO system is undergoing its worst crisis since its
creation, and efforts at reform are underway. This paper argues that the
current crisis in the WTO dispute settlement is largely due to an ideological
shift regarding the objectives of WTO dispute resolution, combined with an
inoperative decision-making system, and that reflecting on Dr Roessler’s ideas
could help guide us towards a resolution of the current crisis.<o:p></o:p></i></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Resolving National Security-Related Disputes under the WTO Non-violation Remedy: Fit for Purpose?</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025033</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><i>The non-violation
complaint is an extraordinary remedy in the legal framework of the World Trade
Organization (WTO). It has recently attracted much attention from WTO Members
and scholars because of the proposal by the United States to use it for
resolving disputes involving national security matters. This proposal has
commonly been understood as an important element of the United States’ overall position
in the ongoing WTO dispute settlement reform discussions. This article
discusses how the academic legacy of Dr Frieder Roessler can be used to assess
the nonviolation complaint in this context, and how it points to one possible
exit from the dispute settlement crisis.<o:p></o:p></i></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Dr Frieder Roessler’s Approach to the Constitutional Function of the GATT/WTO</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025034</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><i>Dr Frieder Roessler
had a deep understanding of the roots and purposes of GATT and WTO law. In two
articles, written in 1993 and 1998, he set out his view of the primary function
of the GATT/WTO system as being to resolve conflicts of interest within, not
between, nations and that it is, therefore, better viewed functionally part of
the domestic constitutional framework for trade policy making, and not of the
international law of coexistence or cooperation. He also considered that the
GATT/WTO system does not unduly restrict WTO Members’ policy space either to
attain economic policy goals, through the use of preferred policy instruments,
or non-economic policy goals, in areas such as environmental policy, through
the exceptions contained in the GATT 1994. This note examines Dr Roessler’s
views as explained in the two articles and considers whether and how his views
still apply in an age of increasing unilateralism/protectionism in trade policy
and of the increasing importance of issues such as responses to climate change.<o:p></o:p></i></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Special and Differential Treatment Provisions in the DSU and Current Reform Discussions</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025035</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><i>This paper explores
how special and differential treatment (S&amp;DT) provisions in the
Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes
(DSU) have been used by developing countries since Dr Roessler first addressed
this question in 2004. As WTO Members are currently discussing how to reform
the WTO dispute settlement system, it also examines which flexibilities
developing countries consider important going forward. It concludes that
procedural advantages have been used by developing countries to alleviate the
costs of participating in disputes, but that the main hurdle faced by
developing countries, which is access to the system, can most effectively be
overcome through technical assistance – as confirmed by current reform
discussions and as already foreseen by Dr Roessler in 2004.<o:p></o:p></i></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Institutional Balance in the WTO: Frieder Rössler’s Critique of the Appellate Body’s Approach to Overlapping Jurisdictions Between Political and Adjudicatory Bodies of the WTO</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025036</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Resolving the Banana Trade Wars: Evidence that Alternative Dispute Resolution Can Settle Major Trade Disputes</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025037</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><i>The Geneva Agreement
on Trade in Bananas was concluded in 2009. The Director-General of the World
Trade Organization (WTO) applauded the successful effort by the Latin American
banana-producing nations, the United States and the European Union ending a
twenty-year dispute on trade in bananas by using ‘pragmatism, creativity and
diplomacy’. This paper outlines the steps that culminated in the pragmatic and
creative approach that resolved one of the most commercially meaningful,
politically sensitive, and technically complex global trade disputes. The
approach taken was a deliberate move away from litigation over legal rights and
obligations to a facilitated solution reconciling the parties’ interests using
good offices and mediation. This article, in memory of Dr Frieder Roessler,
acknowledges his guidance and support to me as Counsel at the Advisory Centre
on WTO Law during this final innovative phase of the banana trade wars. Frieder
was a remarkable trade lawyer with a laser-focus on pragmatic solutions. I feel
fortunate to have been given the opportunity to propose the use of Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR), and then to have served as Counsel, during the final
mediation and negotiation phase that resolved this major trade dispute. The
experience resolving the banana trade wars through pragmatic non-binding ADR is
pertinent at a time when the most significant disputes in global trade are less
likely to be resolved through litigation and binding decisions.<o:p></o:p></i></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Frieder Roessler’s Enduring Legacy: Bridging Divergent Policies Through GATT’s Unified Multilateral Vision</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025038</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><i>In this essay, the
author highlights Dr Frieder Roessler’s contribution to the conceptualization
of the multilateral trading system in respect of domestic policies. He reflects
on the need to reconsider the system’s traditional approach towards
‘harmonization’ of domestic policies in the light of current global challenges,
such as the fight against global warming and the development of coordinated
domestic policies in the digital field.<o:p></o:p></i></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Bibliography</title>
<link>https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Global+Trade+and+Customs+Journal/20.4/GTCJ2025039</link>
<category>Global Trade and Customs Journal</category>
<description><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p>Volume 20 Online ISSN 1569-755X</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
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