This article examines the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) procurement system broadly, starting from the top down with further examination of the protest process. It asks whether the protest process ensures fairness and transparency in the competition between commercial companies to win the contracts solicited by NASA. As a case study on the protest process, and to help answer the question, the article examines the recent Blue Origin protest regarding the Human Landing System and the SpaceX lunar lander contract award. Finally, the article concludes that the protest procedure is vital in ensuring the procurement process is fair and that NASA is held accountable for its decisions when it comes to spending public funds.