In today’s ethnically and culturally diverse world, conflict resolution and the role of mediators become more and more important. Though the underlying issue of a conflict may differ in many ways, there is one common element in every conflict: human involvement. Therefore, it is understandable that existential aspects of the human condition may shed some light on dispute resolution. Such existential anxieties as fear of death, fear of freedom, loneliness, time and temporality, and uncertainty inevitably interfere with the successful outcome of any mediation. A mediator should properly address all these existential concerns and appropriately engage with the emotions created by these existential anxiety sources. Thus, it is important for a mediator to have basic knowledge of the existential aspects of conflict resolution. Likewise, a mediator’s information level on such cognitive processes as the human brain’s working systems and biases also play a crucial role in successfully resolving a conflict. In this sense, practical applications of existential philosophies and some awareness of the cognitive sciences are the essential elements of a successful mediation outcome. A psychologically and cognitively informed mediator is especially positioned to resolve conflicts in a transformative manner.