From 3rd to 5th December 2023 the annual Conference on Recent and Pending cases at the Court of Justice of the European Union on Direct Taxation was held in Vienna. The most important pending and decided cases of the CJEU in the area of direct taxes of the past year were discussed there. A book on the conference will be published by Linde Verlag in spring 2024. This report summarizes the key statements from the concluding session, which traditionally addresses current developments and future expectations of the CJEU. (Chaired by Prof. Georg Kofler, LL.M. (NYU), the discussion was held by Prof. Melchior Wathelet, Richard Lyal and Prof. Eric Kemmeren).