Five forms of protection are examined here. Besides (1) stays of judicial proceedings, the English courts can issue (2) an injunction to stop a party acting inconsistently with an arbitration agreement (English anti-suit relief remains available where the court proceedings occur outside the European Union. (3) The decision to grant the injunction also creates an issue estoppel on the effects of the arbitration agreement. That estoppel binds an arbitral tribunal with a seat in England. (4) Declarations and (5) damages are further forms of relief.
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