Private investment in outer space is increasing at a surprising rate. While outer space offers many opportunities for these new investors, their investments also face a number of risks in the form of physical threats to the space assets, competition over the frequency rights needed to operate a space object or doubts over the legality of property rights for example. As a consequence, private investors in outer space need to make sure their investments are properly protected. This article analyzes the substantive law applicable to activities in outer space and reviews the dispute settlement mechanisms that are available to enforce any substantive rights in outer space. It concludes that international arbitration is needed to fill a void of available dispute resolution mechanisms to ensure that the substantive protections offered to outer space investments can be guaranteed.