The evolution of multilateral regulatory regimes is a slow process that is based on consensus-building among a large number of participants. International organizations function best in relatively stable international environments where the inherently slow pace of decision-making does not create disconnects. They are least effective during periods of rapid change. By definition, a transformative technological change such as biotechnology precipitates disequilibrium. Technological change leads to the need for institutional adaptation and/or the establishment of new institutions. This article provides a review of international regulatory initiatives implemented or under negotiation to develop the architecture for regulating the production, trade, and marketing of biologically derived crops, bioproducts, and foods. The results of these global governance efforts are compared and contrasted to assess how transformative technology barriers have been identified and addressed within these institutions. Options for further effort are examined.
Journal of World Trade