Scotland has recently passed the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010, which gives the country a modern legislative framework for arbitration. The Act is the result of lengthy and searching discussions. The Act, which offers a highly original structure, can be described as revolutionizing Scottish arbitration law, which hitherto has been criticized as obscure, outdated and incomplete. The Act has been heavily influenced by the English Arbitration Act 1996 as well as the UNCITRAL Model Law on international commercial arbitration, and is intended to “codify” Scottish arbitration law in an exhaustive and single regime, applicable to both domestic and international arbitrations. The intention behind the Act is to turn Scotland into an attractive place of international arbitration, providing the benefits of a legal system which is cutting-edge, efficient and favourable to arbitration, combined with the advantages of a mixed legal environment, drawn from both the common law and civil law traditions. The following commentary is intended to offer to the readership of the Revue de l’arbitrage an outline of the main characteristics of the new Act, and to highlight its most innovative provisions.