The number of disputes relating to climate change, and the embedded concerns of environmental and energy law, is growing rapidly. Increasingly, corporations and other non-state actors are parties to such disputes. This article analyses in detail the multifaceted types of disputes involving businesses, as well as the responses by international arbitration institutions. After highlighting how international commercial arbitration can resolve existing limitations in the adjudication of climate change-related disputes, the authors discuss such specific challenges as the consent of the parties, confidentiality of arbitral proceedings, and public interest restrictions. Identifying the potential for optimization, the authors argue that arbitration institutions are well advised to take a proactive approach in addressing the topic, and suggest how such institutions can provide guidelines to parties and tribunals on how to handle climate change-related disputes in arbitral proceedings. These guidelines can assist parties to jointly agree on a mechanism to increase the transparency of relevant arbitral proceedings, including the submission of amicus curiae briefs. In addition, lists of arbitrators and specialists with expertise in climate change-related fields of knowledge can be made available. Such guidelines and expert assistance aimed at increasing transparency, legitimacy, and accessibility, once adopted by parties and tribunals, would help make arbitration all the more tailored to handle climate change-related disputes.